Showing posts with label Teaching. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Teaching. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 28, 2016

Education is beyond the transcript and grades. Affinity and Creativity should transcend too.  A way to do it... 09-28

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Education is beyond the transcript and grades. Affinity and Creativity should transcend too.  A way to do it...







In life there are those key make-or-break moments that, if bridged correctly, take us to the next important phase in life. The transition from primary school to secondary school is one such moment. And from secondary school to higher learning is another.

Then there’s arguably the most important one of all, the bridge from post-secondary to career.

At any point along this journey, if any one of these bridges is not crossed properly (or at all), the ramifications for the remainder of a person’s life are staggering given the realities of life in the 21st Century.

And yet very little is done to prepare or assist the students, who make these transitions. A student is given a certificate or a diploma, the appropriate paperwork is filled out, and she is off to the next phase of her life.

Despite advances in technology, very little about what is known about a student follows that person through each transition. While transcripts will move with a student across each bridge, very little else will. Examples of student work, insights into the ways in which any given student learns best, and important measures of how students engage or work collaboratively or solve problems simply are not passed from teacher to teacher, institution to institution, or institution to employer.

This is a huge disservice, not only to students themselves but to faculty, institutions and employers.

Insight into how a student scores on tests is simply not enough information – at least not any more. Whether a student tests well or not, is increasingly irrelevant to how a student uses what she or he has learned in real-world situations.

The degree to which students are able to demonstrate an ability to deconstruct problems, source necessary information, and put that information to practical use is of far greater importance in our 21stCentury world. As is evidence of critical thinking, collaboration, entrepreneurialism and inventiveness.

All of this is an argument for portfolios—as part of the learning process and as a way for students to cross each critical bridge in their lives, bringing with them all the diverse, holistic evidence of their readiness for the next big set of challenges.

Portfolios used in classroom settings enable a new pedagogy that is focused on blended learning; the use of multimedia in instruction and student work; flipped classroom constructs; and project-based learning. Portfolios also encourage reflection, collaboration, iteration, and engagement with faculty and fellow students.

There is a need to invent a way for teachers to create 21st Century ways to move standard lesson plans and syllabi into a construct we call Learning Maps. A course can be composed of a series of Learning Maps, each of which have their own set of activities. Maps and activities can be associated with a standard set of rubrics or learning outcome statements.

As students navigate these learning maps and complete each activity, they’re applying what they’re learning in the real world and bringing the application of that learning back in the form of digital artifacts. As activities are completed, the student’s course portfolio is being built out.

Feedback on individual artifacts or a whole portfolio should be  provided by faculty and / or fellow students in real time. Faculty also score artifacts and the entire portfolio along the way. At the end of an academic term, both the student and the institution have a powerful set of evidence about what that student learned and accomplished in the course, which goes well beyond a bubble test.

As students then begin to prepare to cross that last bridge from post-secondary education to career, they are able to curate from among all their curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, in addition to work experience they may have gained, to create customized portfolios for use in applying to internships or jobs. Employers are then better able to evaluate job readiness and an individual’s fit to available opportunities based on a whole set of variables that are most relevant to their needs (i.e., not grades).

We must arm our students with the right resources to cross each of life’s critical bridges. Moreover, faculty, institutions and employers must have the fullest possible picture of the human being they will be working with in order to set up the best possible conditions for success. Portfolios for classrooms and careers do just that.



Best wishes,


Shyam

Sunday, May 11, 2014

How to lead the student from the wrong answer to the correct one? 05-11

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If a student gives a wrong answer?

How to lead the student from the wrong answer to the correct one?




Let us first analyze how a wrong answer comes from the student?

The reasons could be:

1. The student knows a part of the answer which may not be the first part. So the student in his over enthusiasm to show case his knowledge, concocts the first part.

As the first part of the answer is wrong, he is discouraged from continuing further and coming out with the part of the answer that he knows. The solution to this problem would be to allow the student to continue and complete the answer, compliment him for the correct part of the answer and give an opportunity to some other student to correct the wrong part of the answer. As the student has to only correct the incorrect part of the answer, learning process becomes that much easy and interesting.

2. The student knows the answer but not able to recollect it.

It usually happens with some students. They know the answer but are not able to recollect. The teacher should lead such students by providing helpful clues rather than passing the opportunity to the next student. Sometimes a small clue can get a complete correct answer from the student. The ability to give a correct answer often times is morale booster and increases the student interest and thus improves the learning process.

3. The student knows the answer, but he is inhibited and diffident to come out with the answer.

The reasons could be lack of self-confidence or low self-esteem. The reasons could be traced to child’s psyche or mind set due to conditions and environment at home on account of financial social or could be even traced to parenting problems. While the teacher cannot certainly resolve this problem, the teacher can certainly help make the classroom environment inspiring for the student to be more forthcoming.

4. The student writes the answer correctly, but fumbles when asked to orally answer the question.

If the student is able to write the answer correctly it means that he knows the answer. The problem of expressiveness can be solved by asking the student to write the answer and read out the written answer. This will prevent the fumble and the loss of self-esteem caused due to  the possible ridicule by the fellow students and the teacher on account of it.

Sticking with the student helps.......

One way of sticking with a student, is restating the question and giving additional think time before asking the student to try again.


When you observe and start paying attention to the body language of students,when you don't stick with them, you begin to realize the damaging effects of moving along. Conversely, when a teacher sticks with a student, the student receives a positive message: "I believe in you. I will not give up on you. I have high expectations for you."

Changing the Classroom Energy

There were also steps that a teacher  could take preemptively to help  students avoid these wrong-answer moments entirely. Providing wait time before calling on anyone is one effective strategy, particularly for the students who were English-language learners. To ensure enough wait time was provided, teachers can count  up to ten in their head, and  observe how many hands go up.


It sometimes helps to allow students to take a moment to do a "turn and talk" with a partner before calling anyone. It gives them time to process the question and practice their responses. A turn-and-talk session also gives  an opportunity to listen in on the responses of multiple children, as opposed to just the one child.  Giving students individual whiteboards to hold up also takes the pressure off of them to produce verbal responses.

Do you still think the student answers are all about knowledge and ignorance aspect????

Please read further to understand my take on it and then please contribute your perspective too through comments.

Let us now delve deeper into the knowledge & Ignorance domains.

For this it is essential to have a clear understanding about the Knowledge & Ignorance
Knowledge is not absolute Ignorance can be absolute for all in some domain or other.
Ignorance is all pervading…..

Knowledge is the degree of reduction in ‘Ignorance absoluteness’

The difference between a knowledgeable individual and an exalted ignorant is the degree of Ignorance. They are inversely proportionate. An individual having high level of knowledge in one domain will have equal degree of ignorance in other domains. By this analogy every individual is both knowledgeable and ignorant.

Can an ignorant person accuse someone else of ignorance?

The journey, a student has to be led, is not a journey from Ignorance to Knowledge, but the one that is from knowledge to the expression of knowledge

The lack of expression of knowledge is sometimes termed as ignorance by the teacher resulting in lackadaisical evaluation on the part teacher.

The same student may express himself better, in a more palpable & palatable condition. A student cannot be blamed for the teacher’s inability to create such conditions.

MOTIVATIONAL TRIGGERS

Here the problem may be more with the interactivity of the student than inactivity. It is certainly not inaction; the student actually is ‘in action’. The action is of listening, comprehending, and if the student can reproduce the same in the written form, the student needs to be evaluated on par with the students with better oral interaction skills and the other way round. Hence this certainly is not the reason for the student to be looked down upon. This has more to do with behavior skills than the metacognitive skills.  Lack of expressiveness has its roots to the family environment, economic condition, social positioning in the community. The student needs to be coaxed encouraged and motivated to converse in the language of Instruction. The transition from conservatism to conversation is slow and the teacher needs to be patient and forbearing.
    
Imparting can never be one size fits all and one method suits all philosophy. It doesn't work.  

Imparting is and should be a constant ‘Paradigm Shift’ process and customization is more of a necessity than an option.

Yes, I agree that it is not possible to evolve a method that reaches all in a class of students with different metacognition level. However you can spread a spectrum that gives a comfort zone to the lowest level and spread to the average level. This would bring an attitude shift in the students at the lowest level, which results in better application and better application results in better metacognition levels. This tremendously increases the cognition levels of the so called weak students and brings them on par with the average students. This is when the wavelength beam can be shifted to start from the average and cover above average students. This may take time, but with effort you can achieve this.

 The resultant reduction in disparity in understanding and comprehension levels can considerably increase the average achievement level of the class. An age of 8 years is the right stage to start the process, and by the age of 12, A student will achieve increased metacognition levels. The student will be able to comprehend reproduce the tough Course Curriculum (CC). 

However before starting the process it is important and imperative to understand the difference between the Intelligence and metacognition. Low metacognition levels do not mean low intelligence levels. No, both are as distinct and different as day and night. They are not related but can influence each other.  Basically it is a question of investment of intelligence and not existence of intelligence.

What is Intelligence?

Intelligence is an asset that every individual has. The individual involuntarily invests it like an intelligent businessperson in the areas where he can get maximum returns (I e soul satisfaction). If the class curriculum & imparting is not a soul satisfying commodity, the investment is relatively less. There are different domains competing in a student with better metacognition levels for the investment and they manage to get more investment.

For example a student is able to analyse a sports match (Cricket, Baseball, Basketball, Football, Soccer, others) and player performance like an expert. Because this domain has managed to attract an investment proportionate to its evolved metacognition levels. It is not a distraction, as we would like to believe, it is an attraction. It is knowledge, it is also an education. Mind continuously educates & upgrades itself. Education is multi-dimensional and all-pervading and Class Curriculum (CC) is just a small but important part. While other domains create a natural environment for maximum absorption and reproduction, CC is force fed to students. Just as no human being can be forced or bullied in to make an investment against his/her will, similarly mind also cannot be bullied into investing into CC against its will.

How can the imparters create a situation where the mind would feel happy to invest its intelligence for CC ?

Iteration by heart Vs Iteration by mind.        
  
Iteration is good method no doubt. It is the iterating mind that can help improve comprehension, not the verbal or physical one.

Reading by heart should be replaced by reading by mind.

There are very clear and definite methods of doing it. However it is more about a very committed intent than the content. The vastness and intensity of the subject requires a separate article. I am working on it and the article will come out as soon as it is ready.

Before concluding, I would like to have a word of appreciation for the efforts being put in by the governments and the academic experts in various countries in creating meaningful Curriculum frameworks. Special mention should be made of Salman Khan who has created a revolution in imparting technology with his unique methods thorough his YouTube videos. Bill Gates and Google are also investing heavily for creating processes leading to evolved teaching and learning methodology.

"School in the cloud" concept is also slowly evolving and spreading. More and more entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs are coming forward to invest heavily to evolve new strategies and paradigms.

Future holds a great promise for the coming generations.  
     

It is perfectly in order to dream and envisage a great future for education.

You can never have a last word on such a sensitive topic. I would like my friends in education research and imparting to contribute their thoughts. In the interest of students, we need discussions, deliberations, and concrete action.

I hope you agree,

Best wishes,

Shyam

Please also read Shyam's most read article on teaching and learning.... 


How to Put Metacognition in Process for Teachers 







Thursday, February 7, 2013

How to Put Metacognition in Process for Teachers 02-07

wikiHow gets a mention in the latest movie Identity Theft released on 8th Feb, 2013 View details

How to Put Metacognition in Process for Teachers


from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit  






Image credit: Shyam's Imagination Library


Teaching someone a skill is not the same as helping motivate them to understand and use it.

Metacognition is a process of varying approaches thinking about and using different learning styles to enable the teacher to teach better. It is for the teachers who are already in the profession and teaching.

The process involves honing the teaching skills to go far beyond lecture. This process is to increase the depth in your imparting, so that absorption, assimilation, analysis, recall, and creative applications, production, synthesis, are improved at the students level.

The programme is conceived, designed, monitored, delivered and evaluated with different depth, and intensity; so, it should have specific customization, categorization and focus. The stress should be on applying the five senses to expand into about ten unique intelligences not just three traditional categories (written language, mathematics and non-verbal/visual IQ) but more...

Steps

Recognize the key points of Metacognition: 


Think "multiple representations" for critical thinking -- not just words, but learning experiences through a set of activities that help students think about their learning:[1] Metacognitive experiences are student's experiences that involve one's current, on-going cognitive endeavor -- using the process of thinking in learning situations. Metacognitive skills include planning the approach to a learning task, checking on comprehension, evaluating progress on a task and maintaining motivation to see a task to completion to become aware of distracting stimuli -- both internal and external -- and so to sustain effort over time.

Metacognition -- student will use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for successful learning, in steps to problem solve, using necessary tools, reflecting on, monitoring and evaluating your results, and modifying your approach as needed.

Seek "linguistic intelligence" (word smart): 

Deal with improving the language for imparting knowledge, accurate word use, selection of phrases, and pauses (such as wait time for student reaction and to answer questions) in oral and written forms, where strategies like thinking aloud while performing a task include self-questioning, such as:

Planning - 

What do I already know about this topic?

 How have I solved problems like this before?

What should I do first?

Monitoring - 

What should I look for in this reading?

 How should I proceed?

What information is important to remember? Evaluating -

 What did I learn? Did I get the results I expected?

What could I have done differently?

Can I apply this way of thinking to other problems or situations?

Is there anything I don’t understand—any gaps in my knowledge?

Do I need to go back through the task to fill in any gaps in understanding?

Evaluate "logical intelligence" (reasoning smart):

Answer a question using a plan and steps -- show comprehension by explaining the concept, applying it, example:

Plan an essay: brainstorm, listing related bits pro and con; 

Make concept maps, flow charts, semantic webs, use bubbles containing your words and connect bubbles with "kite-strings" to other relevant words in their bubbles. Make connections of your thoughts and knowledge, possibly by using a simple frame of thinking, such as:

1.Read the essay question; 

2.Identify the theme or topic of the essay;

 (3)brainstorm and choose your best ideas; 

(4) use five paragraphs;

 (5) the first paragraph states your theme and introduction;

(6) develop the body using three paragraphs of evidence and discussion: examples, comparison, contrast, etc. and 

(7) state a conclusion in a final paragraph. 

(8) Also, if this involves research, state your sources in the format used by your teacher, school or a standard writing manual/handbook.

Apply "mathematical intelligence" (number/geometric/abstract smart): use analytical logic, using many and varied graphical and verbal representations to:

Describe, draw, use graphs, setup Cartesian coordinates, apply geometry, use color, measure, diagram, use mapping;

Collect data, organize, find patterns and report using: logic, arithmetic, number systems, mathematical operations, algebraic relations, creating a function, sets, statistics, central tendencies (mean, median, mode), chance and probability;

Evaluate mathematical information: solve the word/story problem using a plan, steps -- explain, apply the plan to solve the problem.

Project "spatial intelligence" (visually smart): instruct students to use their abilities to create two- and three-dimensional pictures (in the mind) for the concrete or abstract subject to apply and transfer it using:

Multiple views/viewpoints to assemble 2-dimensional views: front, back, top, footprint, sides/faces;

Graphical variations, visualizing (realizing), simultaneous information (visual plane and space);

Perspective in 3-dimensional space: visualize depth, think of a focal point, realize there is convergence (a disappearing point), rather than mechanical parallel representations, in the distance/background toward the horizon;
Order, flow, steps, sequencing, presenting sequential information.

Use Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence ("body smart"): physical action and interaction, physical stimulus and robust body activities are the best pathways to help them learn. Acting out learning as much as possible, activities to walk around when they are learning.

Role play as planets, moon, sun, etc., as atoms: electrons, nucleus, neutrons, protons and more by drawing and taping an atom, the nucleus and its orbits on the floor. Let your child move around on it to learn the role of all of the particles. Place objects within their sight and reach.

Use hand gestures, body action, miming of information, etc.,

Display and use the world globe, math shapes such as cube, pyramid, cone, etc. Use manipulative objects: construction sets, Legos, modeling clay, science experiments, props to use in dramatizations, outdoors gear (work shoes, bags to collect rocks, leaves, feathers, plants, flowers, etc.), storage for keeping the specimens they collect, sports equipment, puzzles, dance music,...
Model mathematic skills, addition and subtraction -- give young learners boxes and a set of plastic cubes, have them move them around in the boxes, to illustrate it.

Dimensions (length, width, area, volumes), teach them hand gestures that signify what they are. For example an area of a triangle (1/2 breadth x height) has 3 hand gestures - for 1/2 use one hand sideways to cut the other hand's palm in half, for breadth put your palms together and move them apart horizontally, for height put your hands together one on top of the other and move them apart vertically.

Science -- role play a butterfly's lifecycle from caterpillar to cocoon to butterfly

Experiments, use materials and projects to learn science, mathematics, manipulatives (using objects), etc. -- Conduct science experiments - home chemistry, simple physics etc.

Geography -- Teach your child some dance moves from other countries. Have your child make up hand gestures for various geological formations that they have to learn about

History -- Help your child make a drama about the Indian independence movement and play all the characters

Play silent charades to learn about various historical occurrences
Practice musical intelligence ("music smart"). Use songs, percussion, clapping, singing geometry, rapping math facts, play music during art and other quiet activities.

Communicate using "interpersonal intelligence" (people smart): deal with the skills of classroom management, just a few rules, with many procedures and establishing a rapport and mutual trust with the students for hassle free interaction.

Know your "intra-personal intelligence" (be self smart): get on useful terms with oneself (self-motivate, plan, start/take initiative, be industrious/follow-through, finish, report out).

Help "naturalist intelligence" (nature smart): motivate through the ability to work and apply geo-science, the natural environment, to teach using nature, nature trails, field trips, plants in the windows, a school garden, planting trees, etc.

Do a formative assessment: decide and plan lessons with the needed complexes of understanding and transmission skills to reach the trainees before structuring the quality and quantity of the training. This will position the trainer and the trainee on the same wave length.
Understanding can be facilitated, when participants are engaged and applying the learning in real world problems, relevant situations, and labs, experiments, and involved with "Eureka!" experiences. The impact is necessarily different from the intellectual experience created when originally delivering the concept.

Tips

Training can be through videos, role plays, case study experiments, training exercises, which is processed with ‘understanding’ in mind, which is not a simple analysis of what happened in the experiment or video or exercise, which is what participants tend to explain, but it also deals with how this learning can be applied in their own classroom and teaching processes.
This training should enable you to have a clear focus and facilitate your handling of multiple portfolios with equal efficiency. It should help students to overcome inhibition, indecision, procrastination. This training should improve the students overall productivity and delivery levels.

The faculty members after learning and applying such training should be confident to face two challenges and manage the student and whole class behavior: 

(1) The challenge of initiative and 

(2) The challenge of restraint.

Warnings

There cannot be a uniform training for all grades and cadres of teachers.
The depth and intensity of the training should vary based on the five intelligences levels of the teachers.
The training will not bear fruit if it is not backed by sustenance programme, robust monitoring and evaluation systems for the progress achieved.
Don't settle for doing a job, but motivate yourself far beyond work and pay calculations.

Things You'll Need

Plan: actualize your inclination to improve, working toward using methods of the best teachers.
Mission: clarity in purpose and confidence in yourself, your abilities & patience to transform your methods in a natural way.
Optimal standards: goals for quality of education to understand comprehensively, reproduce learners, achieve results/transfer knowledge and concepts without dilution.

Video

Teaching matters Metacognition


Please also read Shyam's latest article


How to lead the student from the wrong answer to the correct one?


Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Put Metacognition in Process for Teachers. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.
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